Abstract
The paper examined frontier acreages and development in Nigeria. The paper adopted the doctrinal method of research with primary sources of information derived from legislations, while the secondary sources of information were distilled from journal articles, legal digests, and internet sources. The paper affirmed that Nigeria’s oil and gas industry has long been a cornerstone of its economy. Therefore, as traditional oil fields mature, attention has shifted toward frontier acreages undeveloped regions with potential for hydrocarbon exploration, particularly in deep-water offshore areas, inland basins, and the northern regions. Frontier acreages represent untapped regions that hold promise for boosting Nigeria’s oil reserves and energy security. With dwindling production from established fields, the government has taken steps to attract investment and exploration into these frontier areas, offering new incentives and regulations under the Petroleum Industry Act, 2021. The paper revealed that frontier acreages, particularly in the Chad Basin, Anambra Basin, and offshore Niger Delta, have significant hydrocarbon potentials. Recent exploration efforts, including seismic studies, indicate promising geological structures. However, these regions remain largely underexplored due to various challenges. Major obstacles included technical difficulties, due to harsh terrain, inadequate infrastructure, and security concerns in northern regions affected by insurgency. Additionally, fluctuating global oil prices and regulatory uncertainties prior to the PIA have hindered long-term investment. Environmental concerns, particularly in fragile opportunity to revitalize Nigeria’s oil and gas sector. However, overcoming the technical, environmental, and security challenges is critical to realizing the full potential of these regions. To unlock the potential of frontier acreages, Nigeria must continue to enhance its regulatory framework, improve security in affected areas, and invest in infrastructure development. Partnerships with international oil companies and the adoption of advanced exploration technologies are essential. Furthermore, a sustainable approach that prioritizes environmental protection and community engagement will be key to long-term success.