Abstract
The concept of immunities and privileges of diplomatic officers is an age long practice. In the same way, the appointment of country representatives in another country to perform some function and duties. However, there have been changes in the way nations relate amongst themselves, yet the basic functions of diplomacy remain stagnant. The host country ensures the safety and personal freedom of ambassadors, guarantees freedom to work unhindered for the benefit of the sending and further clothe the representatives with immunities and privileges. This practice is now internationally recognised, as several legislations and treaties have been signed in to ensure the protection and preservation of this immunities. This paper explores the various legal protection under international law, differentiates between their functions. it further justifies why these protections are necessary, explains the theories of law that supports this rationale and their implications thereof. These privileges and immunities are usually agreed upon by the nations and or international organisations, with heavy reliance on international customary principles and practices. The paper further discusses the two major Vienna conventions and other connected laws. It concludes by explaining the extent to which diplomatic powers can be exercised and the protection available where a diplomat goes beyond and above his limit. It notes that diplomatic immunity is for a functional protection and explains the remedy for both the sending and receiving state where the privilege is abused by anyone.
Keywords: Immunities, Privileges, Diplomatic Officers, Conventions, Court